Footnotes
I. Before the War - Louis Frazier in Mount Andrew, Alabama
1United States Census of 1860 for Barbour County, Alabama, compiled by Helen S. Foley. There is question as to Louis' actual birthdate, and evidence leans toward 1843 being the actual date. See Chapter XVI for a discussion on conflicting information.
2United States Geological Survey, Clayton, Alabama 7.5 minute quadrangle; Alabama - Her History, Resources, War Record, and Public Men, From 1540 to 1872, W. Brewer, 1872, Reprinted 1995 by the Clearfield Company, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, pg. 125
31860 Census for Barbour County, Alabama
II. Volunteering in the 39th at Clayton, Alabama
1Records of Private Louis Frazier, and portions of records of the 39th Alabama Infantry, Co. I, State of Alabama Department of Archives and History (ADAH), Montgomery, Alabama; Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Part II, Volume No. 1, Serial 13, Pg. 684
2No record can be found of the color and style of the uniforms of
the 39th Alabama at the beginning of the war. The uniforms of the 22nd
Alabama at the beginning of the war are noted by one historian and are as
described. The historian does not list his references (or his name), so
the validity of his description is questionable. It is likely, though,
that the Blues were a reference to the color of their uniforms, as the word
'blues' and 'grays' (i.e., Shreveport Grays) at the beginning of the war were
commonly used to describe the color of the uniforms of the men.
Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Part II,
Volume No. 1, Serial 13, Pg. 676
III. Learning How to Be a Soldier; Campaign into Kentucky
1Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Part II, Volume No. 1, Serial 13, Pg. 679, 676. Company A is listed as receiving their arms on May the 21st at Saltillo, Mississippi. Company H states (same OR volume, page 683) that on May the 30th, the company was 'ordered back to Saltillo [from Baldwyn, where the company was temporarily] for arms'. The other companies do not state when their weapons were issued. It was important in the War for a regiment, and preferably, a brigade, to be equipped with the same type of rifle for uniformity in ammunition, provisions, etc. It is reasonable to assume that the entire regiment would have been armed at the same time with the same type of weapon if at all possible.
2History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography, Thomas McAdory Owen, 1978, The Reprint Company Publishers, Spartanburg, South Carolina, Vol. III, pg. 347.
3Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Part II, Volume No. 1, Serial 13, Pg. 676
3.5Electronic mail correspondence from Mr. Dan Goodwin, e-mail address DG723254@MSXWHWTC.shell.com received on Nov. 27, 1998. Mr. Goodwin is a great-great-grandson of Dr. William Robert. He reports that Dr. Robert passed away in 1902 in Greenville, Texas, and is interred in East Mount Cemetery in Greenville.
4Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Part II, Volume No. 1, Serial 13, Pg. 672-673. Other names listed include F. M. Wood, assistant quartermaster; Henry B. Tompkins, adjutant; George E. Macon, assistant quartermaster; S. W. Jones, and A. C. Crymes, assistant surgeons; W. F. Norton, chaplain; and J. F. Harrington and J. G. Thomas, surgeons.
5Official Records, Vol. X, Part 1, Page 788, ADAH
6History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography, Thomas McAdory Owen, 1978, The Reprint Company Publishers, Spartanburg, South Carolina, Vol. III.
7Memoirs of Sergeant John W. James, Co. H, 39th Alabama Infantry, State of Alabama Department of Archives and History (ADAH), Montgomery, Alabama, Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Part II, Volume No. 1, Serial 13, Pg. 683. See footnote 1 of this chapter regarding the issuance of firearms to the regiment.
8Official Records, ADAH
9Memoirs of Sergeant John W. James, Co. H, 39th Alabama Infantry, State of Alabama Department of Archives and History (ADAH), Montgomery, Alabama, Official Records, Vol. XVI, Part II, Page 764
10Co. Aytch, Sam R. Watkins, MacMillan Publishing Company, 1962, Pages 59-60. Sam Watkins was a private in Company H of the 1st Tennessee Infantry.
11Stones River - Bloody Winter in Tennessee, James Lee McDonough, 1980, The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, TN, and Memoirs of Sergeant John W. James, Co. H, 39th Alabama Infantry (ADAH)
12Official Records
13Memoirs of Sergeant John W. James, Co. H, 39th Alabama Infantry, (ADAH)
14Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Part II, Volume No. 1, Serial 13
15OR, and History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography,
Thomas McAdory Owen, 1978, The Reprint Company
Publishers, Spartanburg, South Carolina, Vol. III, pg. 475
IV. Cold Hell at Murfreesboro
1Texas in the War 1861-1865, Marcus J. Wright, Brig. Gen., CSA, 1965, Hill Junior College, Hillsboro, Texas (Texas State Archives collection, Austin, Texas); The New Handbook of Texas, Vol. 5, Ron Tyler, Editor, Texas State Historical Association, Austin, Texas (Texas State Archives collection, Austin), pg. 616.
2Memoirs of Sergeant John W. James, Co. H, 39th Alabama Infantry, (ADAH), and Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies; Chapter XX, Part 1, Pg. 754, and No Better Place To Die - The Battle of Stones River, Peter Cozzens, 1990, The University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL, Pg. 71. Cozzens makes an error in claiming the engagement to have involved men of McNair's (confederate) Brigade of the Army of Tennessee. One reason that led me to that conclusion was that Captain Flewellen describes this event in a letter to the Columbus Sun newspaper after the battle. A second reason is that Felix Robertson's artillery battery had been, and was at that time, assigned to Deas' Brigade. Thirdly, McNair's Brigade was in Hardee's Corps, while Deas' men were in Polk's Corps. Rarely would an instance occur where two separate portions of two different brigades in two separate corps would cooperate in such a manner on a field of battle. Also, why would Robertson's Battery be supported initially by men from McNair's Brigade? Lastly, the OR section described clearly designates the 26th-50th and the 39th (and the 25th during the second attack) as being the units involved in the action.
3Captain A. H. Flewellen, Co. F, 39th Alabama, letter to the Columbus Sun, January 1, 1863 (from ADAH); ADAH; Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Part II, Volume I, Serial 13, pages 672 - 674. ADAH; records within file of the 39th Alabama Infantry Regiment; Memoirs of Sergeant John W. James, Co. H, 39th Alabama Infantry, (ADAH)
4OR, Vol. XX, Part I, Pg. 658
5Stones River - Bloody Winter in Tennessee, James Lee McDonough, 1980, The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, TN, and Memoirs of Sgt. James; and No Better Place To Die - The Battle of Stones River, Peter Cozzens, 1990, The University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL. Chapter Nine of Cozzens' book contains a detailed account of Loomis' Brigade's actions on the 31st.
6Confederate Veteran magazine, October, 1910, "Reminisces of a Private Soldier", page 449
7Captain A. H. Flewellen, Co. F, 39th Alabama, letter to the Columbus Sun, January 1, 1863 (from ADAH)
8Memoirs of Sergeant John W. James, Co. H, 39th Alabama Infantry, (ADAH)
9Alabama - Her History, Resources, War Record, and Public Men, From 1540 to 1872, W. Brewer, 1872, Reprinted 1995 by the Clearfield Company, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, pg. 630
10Memoirs of Sergeant John W. James, Co. H, 39th Alabama Infantry, (ADAH)
11OR, Vol. XX, Part I, Pg. 677
12Records of Private Louis Frazier, and
portions of records of the 39th Alabama Infantry, Co. I, State of
Alabama Department of Archives and History (ADAH), Montgomery, Alabama
V. Shelbyville / Chattanooga
1ADAH, OR
2Memoirs of Sergeant John W. James, Co. H, 39th Alabama Infantry, (ADAH)
3Official Records, Vol. XXX, Series 1, Part 2, Pg. 71
VI. Bloody Victory at Chickamauga
1Official Records, Series I, Volume XXX (courtesy of research performed by the 19th Alabama Infantry reenacting unit in Alabama), and Memoirs of Sergeant John W. James, Co. H, 39th Alabama Infantry, (ADAH)
2This Terrible Sound - The Battle of Chickamauga, Peter Cozzens, University of Illinois Press, 1992. The majority of the narrative was prepared with guidance from pages 368 to 386. Primary references that were obtained by Cozzens can be found in his book. Official Records, Vol. 51, Pg. 15, 338 & 339. The commander of the 26th-50th Alabama specifically mentions the 39th Alabama in his after-action report (OR, Pg. 339) as follows: "...the 26th-50th Alabama, in the excitement of the charge, found itself in advance of the rest of the brigade, and our right flank exposed to the fire of the next regiment on our right (the 39th). This caused some confusion, and checked for the time, our advance. The men were soon rallied, and the charge continued."
3Official Records, Series I, Volume XXX (courtesy of research
performed by the 19th Alabama Infantry reenacting unit in Alabama), and Memoirs
of Sergeant John W. James, Co. H, 39th Alabama Infantry, (ADAH), 39th Alabama
regimental history (ADAH); Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and
Confederate Armies, Part II, Volume I, Serial 13, page 684.
VII. Chattanooga / Missionary Ridge
1Mountains Touched With Fire, Chattanooga Besieged, 1863, Wiley Sword, 1995, St. Martin's Press, New York, NY, pg. 272.
2OR, Vol. XX, Part I, Pg. 973. Other men of the 39th
awarded to the Roll of Honor include Adjutant J. M. Macon; Sergeant A. J.
Talbot and Private W. C. Menefee of Company A; 2nd
Lt. E. O. Petty and Private Samuel M. Martin of Company B; Private John Dansby of Company C; Private Evander Burkett of Company D;
Pvt. Frank Jones of Company E; Sgt. John H. Poyner
and Sgt. T. F. Espy of Company G; Sgt. C. K. Hall and Sgt. W. J. White of
Company H; and 2nd Lt. E. Q. Thornton, Sgt. E. Priest, and Sgt. James Wilson of
Company K. It is interesting to note that no soldiers were awarded to the
Roll of Honor from Flewellen's company, Company F.
3Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Part II, Volume I, Serial 13, page 677; Co. Aytch; a Side Show of the Big Show, Sam Watkins, MacMillan Publishing Co., 1962, pg. 118; Mountains Touched With Fire, Chattanooga Besieged, 1863, Wiley Sword, 1995, St. Martin's Press, New York, NY, pg. 292. Company A is listed in the OR as being at the foot of Missionary Ridge. No other companies confirm their position as being either the crest or the foot. Wiley Sword refers to Deas making a request to move his regiments up from the foot of the ridge. It is reasonable to assume that Deas would have sent two regiments to the crest and left the other two at the base of the ridge, rather than splitting regiments in halves.
4Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Part II, Volume I, Serial 13, page 678; Mountains Touched With Fire, Chattanooga Besieged, 1863, Wiley Sword, 1995, St. Martin's Press, New York, NY, pgs. 272-288.
5Ibid
VIII. Days at Dalton
1Confederate Veteran, March, 1903, pg. 113.
The incident was recalled by E. L. McKee of Company A.
IX. Atlanta Campaign - from Dalton to Peach Tree Creek
1Decision in the West: The Atlanta Campaign of 1864, Albert Castel, 1992, University Press of Kansas, pg. 130, 150
2Memoirs of Sergeant John W. James, Co. H, 39th Alabama Infantry, (ADAH), and Confederate Veteran, October, 1900, pg. 445. The incident was recalled by E. L. McKee of Company A.
3Decision in the West: The Atlanta Campaign of 1864, Albert Castel, 1992, University Press of Kansas, pg. 173
4Ibid, Page 180
5Ibid, Page 292, et. al.
6History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography, Thomas McAdory Owen, 1978, The Reprint Company Publishers, Spartanburg, South Carolina, Vol. III, pg. 347
7Memoirs of Sgt. John James
8Ibid, and Decision in the West: The Atlanta Campaign of 1864, Albert Castel, 1992, University Press of Kansas
9OR
10Decision in the West: The Atlanta Campaign of 1864, Albert Castel, 1992, University Press of Kansas
11Memoirs of Sgt. John W. James
12Alabama - Her History, Resources, War Record, and Public Men, From 1540 to 1872, W. Brewer, 1872, Reprinted 1995 by the Clearfield Company, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland
13History and Tour Guide of the Atlanta Campaign, Blue and Gray Magazine, 1996, Blue and Gray Enterprises, Inc., Columbus, OH
14OR
15History and Tour Guide of the Atlanta Campaign, Blue and Gray Magazine, 1996, Blue and Gray Enterprises, Inc., Columbus, OH
16ADAH
XI. With Hood on Hood's Tennessee Campaign - Victory or Capitulation
1The Confederacy's Last Hurrah: Spring Hill, Franklin, and
Nashville, Wiley Sword, 1992, Harper Collins Publishers, Inc., New York, NY
XII. Spring Hill - Franklin - Nashville
1OR; Report of Lt. Gen. Stephen D. Lee, Army of Tennessee, commanding Army Corps, of operations November 2 to December 17, 1864; The Confederacy's Last Hurrah: Spring Hill, Franklin, and Nashville, Wiley Sword, 1992, Harper Collins Publishers, Inc., New York, NY
2History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography, Thomas McAdory Owen, 1978, The Reprint Company Publishers, Spartanburg, South Carolina, Vol. III, pg. 347
3The Confederacy's Last Hurrah: Spring Hill, Franklin, and
Nashville, Wiley Sword, 1992, Harper Collins Publishers, Inc., New York, NY
XIII. To Tupelo to Regroup
1The Confederacy's Last Hurrah: Spring Hill, Franklin, and Nashville, Wiley Sword, 1992, Harper Collins Publishers, Inc., New York, NY
2Official Records, Series I, Vol. 47, Part I, pg. 3
3Moore's Historical Guide to the Battle of Bentonville, Mark A.
Moore, 1997, Savas Publishing Co., Mason City, Iowa
XIV. To the Carolinas, a Final Act
1Electronic mail correspondence from Mr. Dan Goodwin, e-mail address DG723254@MSXWHWTC.shell.com received on Nov. 27, 1998. Mr. Goodwin is a great-great-grandson of Dr. William Robert. Mr. Goodwin reported this information from a newspaper clipping of Dr. Robert's obituary in 1902.
2Official Records, Series I, Vol. 47, Part I, pg. 1061
XV. Surrender
1Ibid, pg. 3; and Units of the Confederate States Army, Joseph H.
Crute, Jr., 1987, Derwent
Books, Midlothian, VA
XVI. Aftermath
1Louis Frazier's application for soldier's pension, Filed January 23, 1902, Lincoln Parish, Louisiana. The date of Louis Frazier's return to Mount Andrew is written on an old typed sheet that was provided to me by Louis' grandson, Boyd Everett Frazier. The old typed sheet also includes birthdates and dates of death of Louis' children.
Louis' headstone lists his birthyear as 1840 - but
perhaps we may never know his true year of birth. On the soldier's
application for pension, Louis lists his birthdate as
being November the 12th of 1842. On the 39th Alabama's original muster
roll, in 1862, Louis inscribed his age as "18" - putting Louis to
have been born in 1843. Complicating matters is Louis' age in July of
1860, when the 1860 federal census was taken. Ann Frazier listed Louis'
age as 16 - this would also place Louis' birthyear as
1843.
Preface and Acknowledgements From the Beginning - The Kentucky Campaign to Chattanooga Chickamauga to the Recovery at Dalton, Ga. The Atlanta and Tennessee Campaigns - To the Bitter End